what is a Power transformer

A power transformer is an electrical device used in power systems to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction, typically at different voltage levels. It's a key component in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity.

Key Features of Power Transformers:

Voltage Conversion:

They step up the voltage (increase it) for efficient long-distance transmission (from power plants to substations).

Or step down the voltage (decrease it) for safe distribution to homes and businesses.

Core Principle:

Based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction: a changing current in the primary coil induces a voltage in the secondary coil.

Components:

Primary winding: receives the input voltage.

Secondary winding: delivers the output voltage.

Magnetic core: provides a path for the magnetic field.

Efficiency:

Very high efficiency (often above 95%) since there are no moving parts.

Types (Based on Application):

Step-up Transformer: increases voltage, used at power generation stations.

Step-down Transformer: decreases voltage, used in distribution.

Three-phase Transformers: commonly used in industrial and power system applications.

Example:

At a power plant, a generator produces electricity at 11 kV. A step-up transformer increases it to 220 kV for transmission. Near a city, a step-down transformer reduces it to 11 kV or 400V for use in homes and industries.

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